Bailey, Ronald H. The Bloodiest Day The Battle of Antietam. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1984.

Boatner, Mark M. III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: David McKay, 1967. p 17- 21

Foote, Shelby. The Civil War A Narrative Fort Sumter to Perryville. Vol I. New York: Vintage Books, 1986. p 703-704

Johnson, Robert Underwood and Clarence Clough Buel. Battles and Leaders of the Civil War Grant-Lee Edition. Volume II Part II.

          New York: Century Club, 1884-1887. National Historical Society, 2005

Gottfried, Bradley M. The Maps of Antietam. New York: Savas Beatie, 2012.

McPherson, James M. Antietam The Battle that Changed the Course of the Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University, 2002.

Palfrey, F. W. The Antietam and Fredericksburg. New York: Charles Scribner's, 2009.p 1-135

Sears, Stephen W. Landscape Turned Red The Battle of Antietam. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983.

Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State, 1964.

----------------- Generals in Gray Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State, 1992.

​